Zejian Li

With the 2008 financial crisis, interest has been returning to the emerging nations. While there is no shortage of rosy predictions relying only on the hope of the future growth in these emerging markets, the debate is far from being over regarding whether such high growth can truly be achieved. Although the penetration rate of automotive products needs to be considered on a country-by-country basis, there are some common characteristics. It is possible to compare these countries on certain criteria in relation to the respective phases of development undergone by each market. By focusing on general and emblematic areas and avoiding complicating surface issues, it is possible to identify not only the phases of development but also the orientation towards the actual achievement of growth. This paper will examine the TATA 'NANO' and will discuss the necessity of creating product strategies that fit the phases of development of the market.

Since 2000, escalating energy security issues have been identified as factors for exploiting China's unique potential advantage in the electric vehicle (EV) market. First, the structural risk management system of China needs to be optimised as a hedge against energy security risks from a growing future dependency on oil imports and also from geographical ubiquity in coal. Second, these risks force the Chinese Government to promote eco-innovation through the coal-electricity integration project. Plugging EVs into the electricity grid will not only enhance coal-fired power plant efficiency but also improve the efficiency of energy use from renewable sources. In 2010, the Chinese EV market was still small with annual sales less than 15,000 units. However, the low-speed EV market has grown rapidly, expanding by two or three times in the last ten years. This study focuses on firm growth using case studies on BYD Auto and Baoya New Energy Vehicle and clarifies that a market-oriented thinking, rather than a technology-oriented thinking, can contribute to further growth in the Chinese EV business.

2000年ごろの中国の原油輸入依存度は24.8%程度で依然低い水準であったが、2009年にそれが遂に50%という警戒線を越えてしまい51.29％に達した。連年増加する化石燃料消費で、中国経済の持続可能な発展に必要とされるエネルギー安全問題がいっそう顕在化した。だが、これまでの先進国の歴史において化石燃料が果たした役割は絶大であり中国のような人口超大国が主として非化石燃料に基づいて工業化が低炭素社会へ成功に移行できた前例も無かったため、脱石油依存の具体策には創発的戦略が必要とされる。更に原油輸入依存度が既に70%に達しているインド経済の今後を考えれば持続発展のためのエネルギー問題は、新興国の経済発展に共通する課題として認識できる。 そこで、本稿は環境経営学の視座から、DPSIRフレームワークを用いて、中国において、持続可能な発展に必要とされるエコイノベーションを促す因果連鎖を解明し、電気自動車ビジネスの実態を明らかにする。

"本稿は、民族系メーカー登場してから、中国側の政策不備で、最も競争力の持たない民族系メーカー中の零細企業が上位企業に先駆けて海外輸出に試みるという国際経営的な逆説的な現象を注目し、産業組織というレベルにおいて、露進出を事例に民族系メーカーの輸出競争力を分析する。 その際に、メーカー自身の実力の差と進出タイミングの差がいかに各々の市場開拓行動の影響を与えたかについて、特に注意を払い分析を行う"