In this paper, we aim to approach the following question: does the people's behavior in cyberspace remain as instinctive as it does in the crowd? First, we will consider the difference between the crowd and the natural condition as described by Hobbes. Then, against this, we will develop the example of mutual help that citizens are spontaneously capable of in disaster situations and also Tarde's concept of" public". Finally, since both Hobbes and Tarde seem to miss a dimension when thinking about the crowd, we try to demonstrate how "informational entity" could help us formulate a more willing and hence positive conception of collective intelligence. This will enable the creation of a design for a form of a new cooperative that utilizes the characteristics of cyberspace.In this paper, we aim to approach the following question: does the people's behavior in cyberspace remain as instinctive as it does in the crowd? First, we will consider the difference between the crowd and the natural condition as described by Hobbes. Then, against this, we will develop the example of mutual help that citizens are spontaneously capable of in disaster situations and also Tarde's concept of" public". Finally, since both Hobbes and Tarde seem to miss a dimension when thinking about the crowd, we try to demonstrate how "informational entity" could help us formulate a more willing and hence positive conception of collective intelligence. This will enable the creation of a design for a form of a new cooperative that utilizes the characteristics of cyberspace.
This paper tries to consider how Descartes's concepts of friendship and esteem evolved within his correspondence with Chanut and the"Passions of the Soul". At first sight, Descartes's opinion seems contradictory because while he said in the letters that no one could be friends with all other human beings, he ends up acknowledging the possibility in the "Passions". Then, the new concept of generosity is introduced and plays an important role in Descartes's morality. This still appears useful in solving modern problems, such as establishing morality in cyberspace. What kind of relation is built with others in cyberspace? By analyzing the relation between soul and body involved in generosity, we will be able to newly consider cyberspace ethics, as suggested by Descartes, a severe but positive solution.