Hidaka Nagisa

BACKGROUND: A limited number of studies have evaluated the masticatory indices of individuals with obesity who only chew their food a few times and for shorter duration or who were provided with an instructional intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 6-month instructional mastication intervention on the body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity. METHODS: Female patients with obesity were randomly classified into a conventional treatment group (CTG; 12 individuals), which only received normal nutritional and exercise guidance, and a mastication intervention group (MIG; 16 individuals), which received an additional mastication guidance. The MIG received guidance on foods requiring increased number of chews and chewing duration, eating techniques, and the proper method of cutting foods. RESULTS: Changes in the masticatory, body composition, and biochemical indices were compared before and after the 6-month intervention. The values of body composition indices decreased significantly in both groups; however, the rate of change in body mass index significantly decreased in the MIG. In addition, the values of biochemical indices were significantly decreased in the MIG compared with that in the CTG, which is attributed to the addition of mastication instruction to female patients with obesity. CONCLUSION: Increasing the number of chews and duration of chewing times for carbohydrates, which are staple foods, possibly contributed to weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN, UMIN000025875. Registered on 27 Jan 2017.

While people with obesity have been found to chew fewer times and for shorter durations, few studies have quantitatively evaluated mastication among this group. This study examined the relationship between the mastication characteristics of people with obesity and the factors correlated with obesity. To this end, 46 people with obesity and 41 healthy participants placed an earphone-style light sensor in the aperture of their outer ear. We also examined the partial correlation between this, their body composition, and various biochemical markers by gender. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the masticatory index, gender, and the presence/absence of obesity for all three food items revealed the main effects in the gender difference and the presence/absence of obesity. Additionally, the number of times the salad was chewed showed an interaction between the gender and the presence/absence of obesity. In the BMI-corrected partial correlation analysis of the chewing index and the glucose/lipid metabolism index, the chewing time and the number of chews of all the food items negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in the female obese group. These findings might be used in weight-loss interventions for men with obesity and treatments that target the metabolic function among women with obesity.

The study carried out appropriate walking intervention to the elderly patients who were engaged with cardiac rehabilitation and a group of healthy elderly people. The study empirically investigated the psychological effects before and after the intervention, and examined whether walking intervention would be effective to the elderly patients who were engaged with cardiac rehabilitation as well as the healthy elderly people. The examination of the results of the simplified POMS2 before and after the intervention has shown that while no main inter-group effect was observed, in terms of main effects before and after the intervention, both groups’ scores significantly decreased after the intervention regarding ‘anger-hostility’, ‘fatigue-apathy’, ‘tension-anxiety’ and ‘TMD score’. This has suggested that walking has psychological effects to decrease negative emotions as described above and to increase positive emotions such as vigor and vitality on not only healthy elderly people but also the elderly patients engaged with cardiac rehabilitation. Key words: cardiac rehabilitation, walking, the elderly, psychological effects, POMS2

In order to verify the psychological effects that gardening activities bring about in elderly individuals, the creation of moss balls was carried out with healthy elderly individuals as subjects, mood was measured using the psychological index POMS2 before and after implementation, and the degree of change in mood was compared. Statistical analyses revealed that the subjects had significantly lower scores on the “Anger – Hostility,” “Depression – Dejection,” “Fatigue – Inertia,” and “Tension – Anxiety” scales, as well as lower TMD score, as a result of creating moss balls. From this, it is suggested that creating a moss ball is effective in decreasing negative emotions in elderly individuals. The “effect of psychological regression and catharsis,” “sense of achievement and satisfaction after completion,” and “interaction with other participants” due to the series of tasks are considered to be primary factors in this, and effectiveness as an occupational therapy is expected. Keywords: Gardening activities, gardening therapy, occupational therapy, moss ball, POMS2, elderly individuals

中学校内に設置した「学校内適応指導教室」において不登校生徒間の交流を深める一環として、共同コラージュなどの芸術療法を実施し、不登校生徒の変化や効果について検討した。

The prevalence of school refusal in the current educational climate is markedly high, posing a serious social problem. With the support of middle schools, the author has been expanding approaches to the reduction of school refusal using a "school counseling room" to simulate a simple "inschool adaptation classroom", and has been providing support for students to improve their social skills, by creating opportunities for contact with other school refusal students or their classmates, and by offering psychological counseling, while effectively utilizing human resources, including teachers and staff, to provide support for students exhibiting school refusal. An interview survey was conducted involving support staff engaged with students exhibiting school refusal at three middle schools where an "in-school adaptation classroom" was established, and the benefits and problems associated with this trial were examined. As a result, the benefits and problems of this use of an adaptation class in middle schools were clarified. The benefits were: "improvement of facial expression and conversation" and "rising attendance rate". The problems were: "necessity of support system for staff members engaged with school refusal students", "following rules and schedules in school"," provision of study support system" and "human resources".

小児心身症患児に対してCGコラージュ療法を行い、その有用性について検討した。

学校現場での相談活動で心身症患者に対応する際の留意点について検討した。

小学３年生を対象にストレス・マネジメント教育の一環でグループ・コラージュを行い、そのストレス軽減効果を検討した。

中学生を対象にリラクセーションを行い、小児用STAIを用いて実施前後のSTAIの値を比較しその効果を検討した。

小学生を対象に行ったストレス・マネジメント教育の実践報告およびその際に使用した教育指導案について報告した。

小児を対象に行ったストレス関連尺度のうち、ソーシャル・スキル尺度のストレス軽減効果について重回帰分析とGP分析を用いて検討した。

中学生を対象に行ったストレス・マネジメント教育の実践報告およびその際に使用した教育指導案について報告した。

不登校経験のない者を対象になぜ不登校にならなかったかについて面接調査を行い、不登校抑制要因を検討した。

小学３年生を対象にストレス・マネジメント教育の一環でグループ・コラージュを行い、効果を検討した

Rapid changes in the environment have had a serious influence on the mental development of children and there are not a few children who loose their psychosomatic health (health of mind and body). Those children may have not fully learned ways to cope with stress. In Western countries, stress management has been introduced into the field of medicine and education from the early stages. There are many reports that stress management is very effective in preventing children's behavior problems. It has also become necessary to immediately introduce stress management in Japan. However, when introducing stress management in Japan, it is necessary to grasp the current stress conditions of Japanese children, and then produce the method corresponding to such conditions. This study investigated relations between responses to stressors and factors that reduce stress in children. The subjects were 463 children (240 boys and 223 girls). Correlation coefficients between school stressors and responses to stressors were calculated by multiple regression analysis and good-poor analysis. The results indicated that the stressors in the human relationship with friends or teachers, beside studies, were related to responses to stressors. Then, correlation of each factor that reduces stress was calculated by multiple regression analysis and good-poor analysis. The results showed that self-efficacy reduced responses to stressors both boys and girls, and that cognitive evaluation affected the girls to reduce their responses to stressors more effectively than the boys. Furthermore, thinking evasion coping in the boys and change of pace coping in girls worked to increase their responses to stressors respectively. Regarding social support, boys' responses to stressors were related to relationship with friends, while those of girls' were related to relationship with teachers. Although self-efficacy and cognitive evaluation reduced responses to stressors, it is worthy of notice that stressors in human relationships be related to responses to stressors and that social supports reduce responses to stressors. when we adapt stress management to Japanese children, we need to develop the method that promotes the development of good human relation.

登校を渋った経験を有する者がなぜ不登校にならなかったのかについて、ヒアリング調査を行い、その結果を分析した。

我が国の小中学生に適した日本型ストレス・マネジメント教育カリキュラムを考案した。

スクールカウンセリングにおいて描画テストを用いる利点と問題点について検討した。

学校現場における描画テストの有効性について３事例を通して検討した。

学生相談における心理テストの有用性と留意点について事例をとおして検討した。

テレコミュニケーションシステムを用いた心理面接の利点と問題点について述べた。

心因性発熱の患児に対して箱庭療法を行い、奏効した事例について報告した。