Hiroyuki Nishimoto

望遠レンズによる奥行き圧縮効果は、遠近感を極端に減少させ、裸眼では湾曲して見える平行線を「平行に近い状態」に強制的に引き伸ばすため、結果として人間の視覚とは異なる「平行線のゆがみ」を感じる。この錯視を、円柱投影法ではなく、球体（視空間モデル）のVR空間に再現し、その数理メカニズムを明らかにした。 VR空間の構築には、ゲーム開発に利用されるUnityを用いた。Unityには、①Console画面で、オブジェクト（地平面、円柱など）を作成し、②Scene画面で、そのオブジェクトを配置して舞台を作成する。③そして、その舞台のカメラの方向から見た映像を示すGame画面がある。VR再現実験のために配置したゲームオブジェクトの２つのScene画面は円柱の高さ以外は同一で、VR空間上では東西の方向（180度反対向き）に配置した。正方形の地平面の中心にカメラを設置して、視線方向に円柱を等間隔に並べて、円柱を並べた延長線上に長方形の地面を配置する。そして、カメラから見える２つの映像（Game画面）の中、一つはUnityの透視図法（Perspective）の機能をそのまま用いて作成されたGame画面で、もう一つは望遠鏡で拡大されていることを想定したGame画面である。この２つのGame画面において、望遠鏡の拡大率の違いを円柱の高さの違いで表し、円柱の並びの先に配置した長方形の地平面に生じる斜度の変化（錯視量）を比較するための実験系を構築した。 視空間は、視点から消失点までの深さを半径とする球体である。このため視空間の半径は、望遠レンズの倍率により短くなる。これが双眼鏡を覗いたときに感じる窮屈な感じの原因である。図３と図４は、視空間の半径（消失点までの奥行き）の違いを円柱の並びで表現した。

本研究では、傾向スコアを用いたハイブリッド無作為化試験の数理モデルを構築した． しかしながら無条件に傾向スコアを用いた無作為化試験を導入して良いという訳ではない．それは，ソースサンプルのサイズが小さいと，ハイブリッド対照群を生成するときにサンプリング誤差が増加するためである．具体的には，ソースとなるヒストリカルデータセットのサイズは，ハイブリッド対照群の中のヒストリカル症例数の少なくとも2倍は必要である．結果として，このアプローチでは，ソースとなるヒストリカルデータセットの半数が有効活用され，RCTに比べて最大で４分の１の前向き症例を削減できる．

Sakushi no mekanizumu o akiraka ni shita toki, heringu sakushi ga shisa suru yō ni shikūkan wa kyūtaideatta. Shiten kara shōshitsu-ten made no fuka-sa ga hankei no kyūtaidearu. Koko de shikūkan o tan'ikyū to suru to, nin'i no ten ni okeru sukēru no kansoku-sei wa, shisen to no henkaku th no bibun hōteishiki de arawasa reru. Kono shikūkan moderu ni yori, chokusen-teki ni ugoku roketto no dandō ga daendearu koto ya, ninchi kyori (kyori-kan) no henka o kakuritsu to shite shimesu koto ga dekiru. Kono shikūkan moderu wa, rīman-kyū to kotonari sanjigen hōkō ni mugen'en-ten (shōshitsu-ten) ga sonzai suru fukuso shaei kūkan to naru. Kono kenkyū no mochibēshon wa, sakushi gazō o mochiite kōrei-sha no gazō ninshiki nōryoku o sokutei suru kotodearuga, senmō no risuku kara rinshō kenkyū no ritsuan ni wa itatte inai. Ko no yō ni rinshō shiken wa itsu demo jikkō dekiru wakede wa naku, rinri-tekina kanten kara shiken dezain ga henkei sa reru koto mo mezurashiku wanai. Iryō tōkei-ka wa, kono yō ni shite shūshū sa reru herusukeadēta no tokusei o rikai shi, inga kankei o shinchō ni giron suruhitsuyōgāru. さらに表示 406 / 5,000 When the mechanism of the optical illusion was clarified, visual space was a sphere, as suggested by the Hering illusion. It is a sphere with a radius equal to the depth from the viewpoint to the vanishing point. If visual space is considered to be a unit sphere, the observability of scale at any point is expressed by a differential equation with the deviation angle θ with the line of sight. This visual space model makes it possible to show that the trajectory of a rocket moving in a straight line is an ellipse, and to show changes in cognitive distance (sense of distance) as a probability. Unlike a Riemann sphere, this visual space model is a complex projective space in which a point at infinity (vanishing point) exists in three dimensions.

Technology can make older people anxious. Compared to the development of a physically barrier-free society, the development of a cognitively barrier-free society has lagged behind. We need to improve user interface design not just for older people but for the entire social system. We need to work together across countries to promote the health and longevity of older people.

If the visual space is defined as a three-dimensional complex vector space, perspective is represented as a linear constraint by scale. And the vanishing point with zero scale represents the boundary of the visual space. This indicates that visual space is spherical, which is different from Euclidean space. A new geometric model for visual space allows linear derivation of elliptical orbits. Since it does not involve infinite series, the solution is simple.

When capturing a scene with a camera, objects and points in 3D space are mapped onto a 2D plane, resulting in the loss of depth information. Therefore, depth estimation is essential to reconstruct a scene in a 3D space using only a 2D image. In this research, a 3D complex projective space is assumed as the visual space, and the scale is defined as a measure of the certainty of information in the space, providing a new concept of perspective depth.

Parallel lines never meet in physical space. However, in visual space, they appear to meet at infinity. This suggests that the visual space is a sphere whose radius is the distance to the perspective vanishing point. In this visual cognitive space, when the point of view is the origin, all lines other than straight lines passing through the origin are drawn as curved lines. However, we do not notice that the image of the pillar reflected in the visual cognitive space is a curved line. In the mind, vision transforms the image projected on the spherical surface into a linear image. Taking advantage of this property, an algorithm that converts fisheye images into more normal images with less discomfort was constructed. This is a conversion method for fisheye images that takes advantage of the characteristics of vision.

The images that our vision perceives are slightly different from the entities. Images in visual space are illusions. However, they are indeed based on physical laws. That is optics. A straight line extending from the foot to the left and right and the straight line in front of the eye parallel to it intersect at infinity. This suggests that the straight line in front of the eye is actually curved. This is not a phenomenon unique to the human eye; camera lenses also produce similar images. If the visual space is a sphere like a planetarium and a viewpoint is at the center of the sphere, as shown in the right diagram in Figure 1, then a perpendicular line projected on a spherical surface can be understood to be curved when considered from a three-dimensional perspective. Similarly, the phenomenon of parallel lines intersecting each other is a common phenomenon on a spherical face. From these facts, it can be said that the shape of visual space is a sphere, which has a completely different shape from physical space. We unconsciously learn that the visual space is round every day through our vision. The Herring illusion tells us this.

A physician is a very last person who engages in the treatment of patients with dementia. When they could visit physicians at the pre-onset stage, a variety of treatment options are available. One of the physician-scientists from Kyoto University is now focusing on PHRs related to IADLs to support elder people before they present obvious symptoms of dementia. Her dream is to improve the social side of the quality of life of elder people before they develop dementia. As a part of the medical innovation ecosystem, venture-backed startups play pivotal roles in translational research to clinical research in the US. The SPARK program at Stanford University started to support basic- and physician-scientists to learn and conduct translational research from the academic side. This session also provides topics to discuss CSTI’s ongoing promotion of VC investment in Japan, including tax reform, in order to build a startup ecosystem.

Past Design is one of the components of Future Design proposed by Dr. Tatsuyoshi Saijo and Dr. Yoshinori Nakagawa (Kochi University of Technology). Using the work of ARO (Academic Research Organization) as a subject, the past design as a preparatory phase of Future Design was outlined.

京都工芸繊維大学伝統みらい教育研究センターで取り組まれている匠の技の解明と，その知見から得られるデザイン思考についての招待講演．

規制要件の壁に阻まれ，日本の医療分野のIT化は米国より10年ほど遅れていると言っても過言ではない．電子カルテシステムも同様で，カルテは院内に保存する事が当時の慣習で，カルテ情報を医療機関外のサーバーに保存することが問題視される時代もあった． ところが東日本大震災の時，岩手医科大学のカルテ情報がネットワーク経由で香川医科大学運営のデータセンターにも保存されており，短時間のデータ復旧が可能であったことから世論が一転し，電子カルテ情報を院外のサーバーに保存することが推奨されるようになった．（SS-MIX） このため従来の紙ベースの法規制を改め，電子データを前提とした新たなガイドライン作りが急務となった．FDA（米国食品医薬品局）では，この課題に世界に先んじて取り組んでおり，FDAからの要請を受け，データ標準化団体のCDISC（Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium）が作成していた調査報告書に注目が集まり，DIA（Drug Information Association）日本支部の要請で，その内容を紹介した報告である．