Tax consciousness for withholding income taxpayers is small and tax compliance costs for employers who have to pay are high because of withholding and year end adjustment system in the Japanese income tax system. Employers incur compliance costs of collecting income tax at source and adjusting income tax at the end of the year (year end adjustment) for employees (withholding income taxpayers). The characteristic of this paper is to consider how these tax consciousness and tax compliance costs can be changed. That is to say, this paper considers how to increase tax consciousness and reduce tax compliance costs in the current Japanese withholding income tax system.