後藤 達也

In Taiwan, where in 2010 the total fertility rate dropped to the world's lowest level,a response to the declining birthrate is an urgent policy issue. In particular, Taipei Cityhas swiftly undertaken a full review of child-rearing support, providing flexible servicesaccommodating to parenting households and workingwomen. In this study, to understand theoutline and policy aims of the "Zhu ni hao yun" pregnancy and childbirth promotion projectstarted in 2010, we conducted interviews at the Taipei City Government Department of SocialWelfare, and a fieldwork survey at Taipei City Zhu zan Parent-Child Center. Through the "Zhu ni hao yun" project, city government departments, private enterprises,and educational institutions cooperate with each other to undertake services such as subsidizingchildcare fees and child allowances, and providing monetary incentives for childbirth at a moregenerous level than in Japan, implementing extended childcare in public kindergartens, andestablishing nursery schools and childcare support facilities within enterprises. In Taiwan,the norm has been for children to be entrusted to the grandparents in a cooperative, multigenerationalfamily structure, but a thorough shift to external, service-based childcare mayreveal a movement toward a reorganization of childcare networks that promote the intellectualdevelopment of preschool children and strengthen parent-centered childcare.

本稿では、地方公共団体の経常的な財政運営の健全性に着目した財政指標を作成し、財政の持続可能性や効率性という観点から、都市の経常的な財政運営に関する評価を行った。そのために、まず地方公共団体の経常的な財政評価に用いる基礎的経常収支を定義、算出し、全国の都市における経常的な財政運営の健全性を客観的に評価した。そして都市自らがコントロールすることが難しい地方税と65歳以上人口比率という非裁量的要因を考慮して、それらが基礎的経常収支に与える影響を除去したうえで、全国の都市における経常的な財政運営の効率性を評価した。