Nishiguchi Toshifumi

This study examined the teachers' talks to students in ten types of situations which occur in elementary schools. Additionally, the relations between teachers' psychological factors and talks to students under each of situations were examined. A questionnaire in which ten types of hypothetical situations were depicted was used in this study. For all hypothetical situations, elementary school teachers (n=58) were asked their talks to students as well as three psychological factors : (a) teachers' problem ownership, (b) self-efficacy, and (c) cognition of similarity between children in hypothetical situations and themselves in their student days. The results were as follows : (1) their talks to students under each situation were classified into 8 to 15 categories. (2) In some hypothetical situations, significant relationships were found between three teachers' psychological factors and teachers' talks to students.

Japanese overseas in a world, 1999 are about 50 thousands in number. They are facing with various kinds of pressure and stress under another culture different from their own. We tried to find the problems they have met at school. In this research, interview was done to the students who lived especially in the United States and Canada. Because we thought that they were the most typical students who were living under very demanding situations such as mastering English, achieving high academic ability and adapting themselves to foreign school. And also we interviewed with ESL teachers and mainstreaming teacheres who were teaching Japanese overseas at their classrooms in the States. Our research areas in North America were San Fransisco area, Los Angeles and San Diego area, Seattle area, Chicago area, Detroit area, Columbus area and Dallas area. The data we got were analized and discussed in terms of 1) language ability, 2) academic achievement and 3) identity.