Hideaki Tanimoto

<jats:p>This study seeks to examine the educational significance of Undokai events in Japan and their importance for character development among students in Indonesia. Employing an exploratory qualitative method via interviews, observations, and document analysis, this study investigates the experiences of teachers, students, and parents concerning their roles in executing Undokai. The findings indicate that Undokai embodies several significant values in character development, such as teamwork and unity, accountability and self-discipline, perseverance, leadership and autonomy, alongside the participation of parents and the community. The results also indicate that there are contextual differences between Japan and Indonesia. Japan highlights structure, discipline, and community engagement, whereas Indonesia focuses on adaptability, creativity, and unity. Nonetheless, both methods could enhance one another in bolstering character education initiatives within educational institutions. This study validates that character education occurs not only in classrooms, but also through shared experiences with families and communities. This research suggests that integrating Undokai values with the richness of local Indonesian culture is essential for developing contextual, transformative, and sustainable character education.</jats:p>

Purpose: This literature review aims to investigate the application of nonlinear pedagogy in a sports context, including its impact on game skill acquisition and skill transfer between games. The research background details Nonlinear pedagogy, which is grounded in ecological.Method: This review included peer-reviewed studies published from 2018 to January 2025, which used both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The included studies examined nonlinear pedagogy, with a focus on ecological approach and their relationship to physical education.Result: present the main findings regarding potential benefits and practical challenges of adopting nonlinear pedagogical frameworks in sports and physical education. The practical ramifications of these discoveries are substantial. for educators, coaches, and sports practitioners who aim to implement nonlinear pedagogy (NP) and ecological dynamics frameworks in their practice.Conclusion: This Research shows that nonlinear pedagogy and ecological dynamics offer powerful frameworks for understanding skill acquisition and learning in sports. This research establishes a basis for creating more successful teaching and coaching practices that emphasize adaptation, exploration and learner-centered approaches. However, practitioners must remain flexible in applying these methods across different contexts and sports. This study offers scientific insights and practical suggestions for applying nonlinear pedagogy in diverse sports and educational settings.

Trainers are incredibly influential persons who help to produce exceptional athletes in school's extracurricular martial arts programs. Self-efficacy is a key indicator of trainer competence in the process of training extracurricular martial arts sports. The objectives of this study are to 1) determine the differences in the levels of self-efficacy of martial arts trainers in secondary schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on gender, and 2) determine the differences in the levels of self-efficacy of martial arts trainers in secondary schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta based on training licenses.This research is a comparative study. This study involved 56 martial arts trainers who taught extracurricular martial arts in secondary schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study's data was collected via a questionnaire. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data on martial arts trainers' self-efficacy. The questionnaire consists of ten statements with responses on a range of 1 to 5. Experts reviewed the questionnaire, which was empirically validated for validity and reliability. The independent sample t test was used to analyze the data, which was preceded by data precursor tests such as the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Levene's Test of variance homogeneity. The independent sample t test analysis of self-efficacy levels based on gender resulted in a significant value of 0.946 &gt; 0.05. These findings suggest that there is no difference in self-efficacy between male and female trainers. The Independent sample t-test study of self-efficacy based on training licenses results in a significance value of 0.032 &lt; 0.05. These findings indicate there is a difference in self-efficacy levels between trainers with national and local licenses. These findings may assist trainers, administrators, and policymakers establish better training programs.Keywords: Self efficacy, extracurricular, martial arts, gender, coaching license