K Ogawa, K Hisada
ISA 2002 TECHNOLOGY UPDATE, VOL LVII, PT 1 422 477-484 2002年 査読有り
The cavitation noise in and around piping is very severe and not desirable in working environment. The reduction of cavitation noise is a very important research theme. The purpose of this study is to reduce cavitation noise occurring around a butterfly valve. The main cause of cavitation occurrence is an abrupt decrease of the fluid pressure behind a valve. To recover the pressure behind the valve in our experiment, the pipe was partly enlarged from just ahead of the valve shaft forward downstream. The enlarged part of the pipe is called a "ditch" in this study. To observe the cavitation around the butterfly valve easily, experiments were conducted by the use of a square valve body and a duct having a square cross section. From the results of the noise measurement and visualization, the size of the ditch was determined and it was found that the effect of noise reduction was greatest when the length and the depth of the ditch were 1 and 0.2 times the width of the duct, respectively. In our study, the noise measurement was performed under the condition that the magnitude of the Reynolds number was 100000. With no cavitation, the sound pressure level was about 40 dB but the sound pressure level increased to 60 dB with severe cavitation. By the effect of the ditch, the cavitation noise was reduced by 8 dB to 10 dB at the maximum in the case of the square valve body. The effect of the ditch was very clear in the experiments using an actual valve and piping: It was confirmed that the sound pressure level can be reduced by about 10 dB even with severe cavitation. In the actual operation of the butterfly valve, when a partly enlarged pipe is used, the valve opening must be smaller to obtain the same flow rate as in the case where a conventional pipe and a valve are used, because the pressure loss is smaller when using a partly enlarged pipe. However, even when taking into account the difference of the valve opening, the effect of noise reduction was very remarkable.
When a partly enlarged pipe was used, secondary cavitation occurred from the edge of the ditch. From the experimental results, it was found that the effect of the noise of secondary cavitation was about 2 dB to 3dB. However, this noise could be eliminated by changing the shape of the ditch. Thus, partial enlargement of the pipe is very effective for reduction of cavitation noise and it can be realized more easily than changing the shape of the valve body.