高井 由佳

自動車修理塗装の確認工程において、熟練技術者がどのような場所から塗装面を見ているのかを3次元動作解析を用いて明確化することとした。熟練者は、損傷個所から1200mm程度離れ、頭を下げず立ったまま損傷個所を見ていることが明らかとなった。

Auto repair sheet metal work refers to the work of repairing a damaged part without replacing any of them. Repair technicians are required to have a high level of skill and to be able to work flexibly. If the work of experts can be quantified and visualized, it may be possible to transfer the skills to non-experts in a shorter time. Thus, in this study, technicians repaired a dent made on the press line of a passenger car fender using a hammer and dolly. The purpose of the research is to analyze the working time and working process during the repair. The sheet metal repairs were classified into five steps: “Hammering” (H), “Adjustment and position check of the dolly” (D), “Check by hand” (CH), “Check by eye” (CE), and “Other” (O). It was found that experts tend to spend longer than non-experts on step D.

In this research, motion analysis was carried out to formalize the practical backing technique of experts and to impart to understanding to non-experts. When mounting a hanging scroll in Japan, three types of “washi”, Japanese paper are layered. Also, to apply those papers, wheat starch is mixed with water and heated until it is gelatinized and used as an adhesive agent. Further, to increase flexibility, wheat starch paste has been stored in a cool dark place for about 10 years. We were able to conduct a new method of three-dimensional motion analysis on traditional techniques in this research, and investigated whether this leads to better education of the non-experts. We have confirmed that results of the motion analysis that visualize the postures during the operation have had a positive influence on the non-expert.

In this study, we analyze the techniques of experts and non-experts as a hairdresser and compared their skills based on eye tracking technology. The first purpose of this research is to clarify the differences between the beauty skills of experts and non-experts. The second purpose is to provide the findings to assist in the development of building educational programs for beauty skills of non-experts. In this study, the characteristics of experts were indicated based on video recording, eye tracking technology, and interview survey from experts.

In this study, the skill of automotive engineers in sheet metal repair is analyzed. Because no two damage situations are identical, every damage is reconsidered on a case-to-case basis, and flexible responses are required. This work requires considerable human technical skill and relies on experienced workers. When the skills depend on experience, human resource development is essential to impart such skills. The overall objective of this research is to propose a personnel training tool. The fender of an automobile was repaired by workers by a sheet metal working technique. The results showed that the experts initiated their strikes in the peripheral part of the dents. Thereafter, they applied several broad strike patterns in their repairs: for example, avoiding striking the peripheral part of the dent; striking the central part while avoiding the press line, followed by striking both the peripheral and central parts; and applying many strikes on the press line in the central part of the dent.

In the previous study, we learned two important points from the skill of the expert; the angle of the strands on Marudai and the heights of the strands from Marudai. There were four non-experts and two experts. Two non-experts had practice with paying attention to the angle of the strands while braiding; and the other two non-experts had practice with paying attention to the height of the strands while braiding. We then understood a third im-portant point from the skill of the expert; sitting position and posture. In these experiments, we analyzed the effects of non-experts to make braids with both the Kumihimo Disk and Marudai. We tested which braiding tech-nique was more effective for a beginner to use first, and then verified the re-sults. Kumihimo Disk is easier to make braids, and we taught its educational benefits to instruct a beginner on the braiding technique.

Currently, hybrid glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) have attracted increasing attention as gradually common used materials. Glass/silk fiber hybrid reinforced plastic (GSFRP), a new kind of material, is designed aiming to create a kind of opaque effect of specific use. Three types of silk/glass composites with five layers of glass mats and a single layer of woven silk fabric lamina with small, medium and large crepe are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method to compare with pure GFRP. Optical properties, including the light transmission property and luminance distribution, were examined with regard to the specimens of GSFRP. Results indicate that light was diffused more efficiently by GSFRP than pure GFRP laminates. Moreover, the greater the crepe degree of silk fabric is, the more efficiently light is diffused and the rise of luminance suppressed. Furthermore, mechanical properties, including the flexural as well as the impact property, were examined through three-point bending and Izod tests, respectively. There is little negative influence on the flexural strength of GSFRP when silk inserted in layer 3 and, as the crepe degree of silk fabric increases, a slightly inferior effect on the impact test presented. From the scanning electron microscopy observation, it is found that the existence of silk fabric inserted in layer 3 could prevent further propagation of the crack and alleviate the delamination of the specimens during the bending process, improving resistance to delamination and bending.

A stable quality control that accurately follows the specifications of the drawing is required in the tools that are used for mass production of parts, such as a forging die. In order to satisfy such parts processing requirements, establishment of die production system that can repeatedly recreate the same processing conditions, including the processing time, is necessary. Thus, it is of importance to prevent the processing discrepancy caused by proficiency levels of workers. In this report, we analyzed the work of an expert and non-expert, using a Finger TPS sensor system. The analysis results of the factors that influence their work efficiency are reported.

In order to create the environment where effective transfer of proficient skill to the next generation, we conducted the analysis of the work of expert and non-expert in the polishing work, which influences the lifespan of a cold forging die. As most of polishing work employs files or abrasives, it can be described as a removal processing of the processed parts. In this study, polishing work is regarded as a removal processing, and used the impulse, which is attained as the product of multiplying polish processing force by operation time, for the comparison of removal volumes. As a result, the possibility for preventing the discrepancy in operation time by maintaining a constant processing force was shown.

In this study, we aimed to construct a self-study support system for young engineers engaged in automobile repair painting to support skill acquisition, using e-learning teaching materials utilizing motion analysis data on block painting by solid paint done by experienced engineers. Furthermore, the usability of the teaching materials was clarified from the viewers’ characteristics obtained by publishing the teaching materials. The e-learning teaching materials which secured a certain number of repeaters had a possibility to be effective teaching material. At the same time, several tasks such as the shortening of playback time of the teaching material time were also highlighted.

In this research, eye movement measurement was performed for the process of the operation under laparoscopy to two or more persons. The knack of advanced technique was understood through numerical method and the difference in technology were evaluated, and it aimed at showing the influence of years of experience on eye movement by comparing the operation for the operators with different level of skill. The target operation was-laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We decided to carry out under the same conditions using a simulator, and the subject was taken as two experts and one unskilled operator from which years of experience differ so that comparison between two or more subjects might be attained. According to the procedure in which it is most worked by the whole operation by actual laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it classified into nine items and measured the factor about working hours and a view at each process.

The way of tea is the Japanese tea ceremony. In this research, one super expert and an expert and beginner were employed as the behavior subject. During the tea-mixing process, the subject’s motion and trace were captured by the high-speed camera system from top side of the participants. The coordinates of the right index finger in the x and y direction was captures and analyzed. Base on the data from the high-speed camera system, each key gesture of the subjects were focused, motion feature affected the final teas were extracted and analyzed. The tea-mixing process was divided into three kinds of processes according to the velocity of the tea whisk. In the case of the super expert, the action of the tea whisk was high speed at short time of the first period. And changed gesture and stirred around with uniform speed at second period. At third period, the action was decreased gradually.

Laparoscopic surgery is thought to be more difficult to acquire the surgical technique compared with conventional one. Eye movement differences between novices and experts have been shown in the various fields. However, a few papers compared the eye gaze movement behavior of novice and expert surgeons during performance of a laparoscopic surgery task with a simulator. The examinee operated the same case of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy of the simulator, and the eye movement detection method was a pupil corneal reflection method. The expert operator showed economical hand and eye movement compared with novices. Once their act change to a camera operator, their gaze behavior seemed to change to the trainer’s one. The medical students improved to shorten the duration time in procedure in one week of training, however, the gaging pattern did not change. Using this eye tracking system, the new educational system can be established to train the medical student, novice surgeon, and also expert surgeons as trainer.

It is considered that, even though it is for the same purpose, there is a difference in the methods of body position changing or wheelchair transfer between nurses and care workers. The authors had attempted in the previous study to develop a self-learning support tool for nursing students. As a part of the previous experiment, wheelchair transfer method discussed in the nursing technique textbook commonly used among nursing students was extracted. Then, this movement was filmed in order to produce an “example video”. We showed this “example video” to our test subjects consisting of care workers, and asked them to imitate the wheelchair transfer movement shown in the video. During this experiment, we received feedbacks from the test subjects that claimed “We do not take this approach when transferring an elderly to and from a wheelchair in care work”. Even though care worker are all categorized as “care profession”, there are positions, such as Certified Care Worker and Certified Social Worker, that require national qualifications. There are also positions, commonly referred to care worker, that does not require any qualification. An unqualified care worker is required to receive the initial training seminar, and one of the professions that are qualified to become the instructor of this seminar is nurse. If there is a difference in the methodology between nurses and care workers, it means that the techniques taught by nurses were transformed through time in order to adapt to the environment of frontline care work. As movements involved in body position changing or wheelchair transfer are type of technique that is physically demanding and could potentially cause backache for both nurses and care workers, it is highly significant that the current technique is improved and becomes an easier technique for the practitioners. Therefore, in this study, we engaged veterans of both nursing and care work, measured their movement during body position changing and wheelchair transfer, and examined the characteristics of movements of each subject. In general, the location where a nurse conducts the movement in discussion is a hospital ward. On the other hand, it would normally be a facility such as a nursing home for a care worker. Between a hospital ward and a care facility, there are many differences such as the legally required size of a room or the fact that one place is for medical treatment and the other is for living, resulting in dissimilarities such as the positioning of beds. By exploring the difference in the movement of nurses and care workers, while taking these factors into consideration, it is possible that improved methods for body position changing and wheelchair transfer that are better adapted to the environment could be devised.

Recycled natural materials such as silk fabric have attracted more and more public attention over the past few years. In this research, unsaturated polyester resin was used as matrix, glass mat and silk fabric were employed as reinforcement to fabricate the laminated hybrid composites by hand lay-up method. Three-point flexural quasi-static and load-controlled low cycle bending fatigue (LCBF) tests at 55 %, 70 % and 85 % pre-set load levels were performed. The composite specimens were also subjected to hot water immersion treatment at 80 degrees C for different durations. The effects of the immersion treatment on the bending and impact fracture. characteristics were investigated. The results showed that higher flexural modulus and strength were obtained when silk fabric layer was stacked at the middle layer. It seems that the anti-fatigue property was improved by the inclusion of silk fabric reinforced in glass mat hybrid composites. In the water immersion experiments, both the flexural properties and impact properties were improved initially until reaching the maximum and then decreased continuously with further increase in exposure time. These seemingly contradictory behaviors are due to relaxation of the internal stress, swelling of the silk fibers and the weakening of fiber/matrix interface.

熟練者と非熟練者を被験者として刷毛を把持する右上肢の9筋についての筋活動を計測する。これにより熟練者と非熟練者がそれぞれにどのような筋活動を行っているのかを解明することを目的としている。さらに、%MVCを算出することにより、それぞれの被験者の筋疲労についても検証する。熟練者が非熟練者に比べて効率的に作業を行っていると考えられる一因が、明らかに異なる筋活動と筋疲労の計測結果から証明することで、非熟練者の技術習得の一助となることが期待できる。

The objective of the present work is to fabricate Urushi-like glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) by using black silk fabric. We first manufactured a GFRP molded plate consisting of various laminate layers, and compared the surface color with that of Urushi products. Subsequently, we used impression evaluation to reveal how the GFRP plate fabricated using the black silk fabric was rated. The study results confirmed that L* and a* values of the GFRP sample were similar to those of the Urushi sample. In the impression evaluation, almost half of the subjects considered the GFRP sample fabricated using the black silk fabric (with lightness similar to that of the Urushi product) as the original Urushi product. The subjects also associated more “beauty,” “sense of luxury and high quality,” and “depth of blackness” with the sample regarded as the Urushi product than with the sample not regarded as the Urushi product.

オートクレーブ成形のプリプレグ積層工における熟練技術者の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。プリプレグ積層工程での作業を撮影し、作業分析を行った。さらに、熟練技術者へのヒアリングを行い、各作業を行う理由を明確化した。この結果、熟練技術者はコーナー積層において、折り紙を折るようにプリプレグシートを折りたたみ、プリプレグシートに折り目を付けることで、プリプレグシートの成形型への密着性を向上させ、的確にハサミでのプリプレグシートの裁断を行っていた。さらに、ドライヤーの使用を必要最小限にすることで、プリプレグシートの熱軟化と粘着性を制御しながら賦形性を向上させ、不要なプリプレグシートの粘着を防止していた。

In the process of plastering an intermediate layer on an earth wall, the actions of the plaster craftsperson were focused on and the characteristics of this task were codified making tacit knowledge explicit. The codified data was then used to develop e-learning materials to support the acquisition of technical skills and this system’s effectiveness was subsequently evaluated. The e-learning materials were targeted at beginners with one or two years experience. Under the supervision of a currently working plaster craftsperson, the course included content on how to use the trowel, the work process, and aspects that are clarified through three-dimensional motion analysis, muscle activity analysis, and eye movement analysis. The beginner students were used to evaluate the e-learning materials. The areas evaluated were their posture when working and fatigue before and after work. The results showed a trend toward a lessening of mental fatigue through the use of the e-learning materials.

This article was retracted. See the Notification.

'Kana-ami' is a kind of metal wire network in Japan. This study aimed to focus on 'Kana-ami' technique development in order to keep this culture wealth and skill to the next generation. In this study, the two participants were selected for comparison called as expert and non-expert. The products made by participants were scanned by X-ray computed tomography precisely. The distance between two metal wires of 'Right-line' and 'Left-line' was calculated. The compression test also was performed to clarify the performance of final products. The expert's product was shown smaller damage on the surface of Tofu in the end.

A 30-minute of simple understanding video course was proposed, which included of normal movie comparison between expert and non-expert, corresponding body model motion simulation movie, transfer care process division and different mechanics of movement analysis results. Through video display in training course, nursing care staff could easily compare and catch the motion detail differences with expert and deeply imprinted in mind. In a word, the target of this paper was to give the feedback to elder nursing care occupational site by video training course development, help to improve and optimize beginner and non-expert's care skill in a shorter cycle period.

Repairing a car is a constantly evolving process. Such a task is individualized and is performed using hand. Analyzing the processing behavior of car repair experts can play an important role in improving the training procedure for craftspeople in this field. The goal of this study is to develop a learning system for car mechanics by examining the techniques used by craftspeople. In this study, the striking motion of an expert's hammer during the sheet-metal molding process in an automobile repairing process was analyzed and compared with those of non-experts. As the first step, the study attempted to examine the characteristic motions of experts performing such a task. Using a three-dimensional digital motion analysis equipment, we measured the movement of skilled and unskilled individuals while repairing cars by using the sheet metal molding process. The results showed that the total time spent forhammering,' 'others,' and 'total work time' by the experts was significantly shorter compared to the time spent by non-experts. Furthermore, experts were able to complete the task with one hammer. Additionally, experts used a lower number of strikes compared to non-experts as the hammering time increased.

In this paper, the tea making of motion skill by tea master of "The way of tea" was investigated by High speed camera. The most important process at beginning of tea making, which using tea whisk to mix the hot water and tea powder with high speed, was focused and recorded. The tea master's motion track of tea whisk was clarified and analyzed by software. The final tea also was recorded by camera. The surface of bubbles was measured by numerical method. The expert regular move up and down tea whisk was considered the important Characteristics for the tea making motion.

In forging parts production, the die life is important for the production efficiency. If the die is fractured under production accidentally, it may cause a big damage to the productivity. One of die broken mode is a scratch on die surface caused by polishing in order to meet the design. It is for finishing the pre-mature die by polishing. It is required for more skillful craftspeople because the die life depends on damage of scratches. Therefore it is important to succeed their expertise constantly. It takes several years for craftspeople to be the expert on the job training. In this study, in order to accelerate their expertise transferring, we analyzed their expertise in focusing on quality of polishing in a forging part.

In this study, the transfer process from wheelchair to bed was focused and investigation by comparing expert and non-expert. The 3D motion analysis system was used during transfer process in order to obtain the motion characteristic. The whole transfer was separated into 3 processes to make process analysis. The expert can transfer care-receiver smoothly with a comfortable condition. Using hand support Shoulder bones and hold care-receiver lean forward was considered a current method to adjust care-receiver's position. And the current using method of slide board was also found according to process analysis.

Hanging scroll is a traditional Japanese ornamental art, which includes paintings and calligraphy. Scrolls are unrolled and hung on a wall or in an alcove when displayed and are rolled up and stored in a box. They should hang straight without rippling or warping when unrolled, and be rolled up smoothly and tightly from the bottom when stored. To enable rolling out and hanging scrolls smoothly, the paintings and calligraphy referred to as "main works" are generally backed with traditional Japanese paper and adhered using a paste made from wheat starch. Especially in order to guarantee this flexibility function that enables rolling up smoothly, a type of glue that does not harden after it dries is employed as the adhesive agent for the lining process. But since this glue does not have sufficient adhesive effect, craftsmen employ a traditional technique of pounding the paper with a special "pounding brush" to enhance its adhesive effect. In this study, using pressure measurement films, we considered differences in the techniques of an expert and a non-expert by measuring the pounded area by a brush and the pressure to be applied by pounding with a brush. Through the quantification of the differences of these two subjects, we aim to understand the characteristics of proper pounding technique, to help new craftsmen learn more quickly.

This study aimed to develop a learning system for studying the coating and painting tasks performed in automobile repair. This study analyzed and compared the characteristics of skilled spray gun handling for automobile repair painting with those with little experience. The spray gun movements and postures of 10 participants were measured using a motion capture system. The results showed the distance between the door and the experts’ body to be approximately 1 m. The experts kept their axillae closed, bent an elbow, and set the distance between the door and the spray gun to approximately 0.22 m. The experts’ spray gun running speed was faster than that of non-experts, and the speed reduced at the door panel edge. The experts’ body movement realized a uniform thickness coating.

This research put the focus on fabricating the GFRP that inserted silk cloth (silk inserted GFRP) and developing the GFRP lighting materials. Now, the luminance diffusion of silk inserted GFRP is better than that of only GFRP have been reported. However, the light diffusion is not clear. In this study, the aim is to clear the light diffusion property of silk inserted GFRP by measuring haze. Furthermore, silk inserted GFRP’s surface structure was measured to investigate relationship between the light diffusion and surface shape.

In this paper, the motion making technique of Japanese traditional handicraft was analyzed by motion analysis system. Two experts were employed as expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of interval time for each main work process was paid attention. The interval timing during the weaving process was clarified to investigate the proficiency of weaving technique quantitatively. It is found that expert was able to go into working state easily.

絵画や書跡の裏面に接着する数枚の裏打ち作業の内,2層目の和紙の接着である「増裏打ち」と呼ばれる工程に注目する。そこで用いられる材料と,それを用いて行う接着作業の熟練度についての評価を様々なサンプルによる剥離試験によって行い,材料と技術の効果を検証した。また,作業現場では打刷毛を用いた叩打によって美栖紙の表面に細かな穴があき,下層の裏打紙の繊維と絡まり合せることができる。と言われている。その状態を検証し,熟練度によって異なる接着促進の効果を確認するために,接着面の様子について走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した。

"Bento" is widely known as a packed meal culture in Japanese cuisine. In order to investigate the Bento culture, we conducted the behavior analysis in terms of the feeding action for a packed meal. It is called "Shumai Bento" in Japanese. In the first term, "Shumai" is originated as "Shaomai" in China. It is a famous cuisine in Yokohama city which is located near Tokyo city in Japan. Since it is one of famous China towns, "Shumai Bento" is also widely known as a special local product. It holds "Shumai" as a main meal accompanying boiled rice, fried egg and other vegetables in a box-shaped container. In this study, 22 subjects were entered in this experiment. Their motions were recorded by video camera and analyzed in focusing on their order of feedings on each meal. Bento is a set of meals. We have to make a little decision of what to eat at first because all meals are served at same time. In our thought, the first action may be decided by their characteristics. A person conveyed a "Shumai" to her/his mouth at first. Another parson conveyed rice to her/his mouth at first. In the second action, it is more complicated decision making from the first one. We need to consider the prior probability as a similar method of the Bayes' theorem. If a person already had a "Shumai" at first, the probability of the selection for "Shumai" will be low. However, if a person so much prefers to eat a favorite meal, in the next action, he may repeat same action. In this study, we classified them by some psychological testing and found the first actions were related with their characteristics. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

“Kana-ami” is a kind of metal wire network in Japan, which was once prevailed many years ago in the old Japan and has been decreased in the development of social industrialization. In previous research, the characteristics of the “Kana-ami” hexagonal structure were clarified, the metal wire net of “Kana-ami” made by expert presented the convex shape in vertical direction so that helps buffer the fall. The results confirmed the superiority of the product made by expert. In this research, the actual structure of “Kana-ami” was clarified by X-Ray. And the advantage of the expert’s product was confirmed. The three-dimensional analysis method was applied to present the different actual structure.

Hand lay-up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using hand lay-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and considered to be tacit knowledge. The mechanical properties and dimension stability of samples were measured, and their relationships with the motions of experts were also evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized control techniques, the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical tradition are possible.

This study is to clarify technique of expert in Kyo Karakami manufacturing by using process analysis and the eye motion analysis. Kyo Karakami manufacturing consists of “Some” process and “Kata-oshi” process. “Some” process and “Kata-oshi” process divided by 4 and 5 phases, respectively. From interview to expert, “Some” process divided by 3 steps. In “Some” process, expert worked almost same time at each steps. In “Kata-oshi” process, expert gave time “phase a” which provide total working time shortening.

Black silk fabric, a traditional craft produced using the Kyo-Yuzen dyeing technique, is another luxury product. The intention behind the present report is to mold Urushi-like glass fiber-reinforced plastic, using black silk fabric. We first manufactured a glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate consisting of various laminate layers, and compared the surface color with Urushi products. Subsequently, we used an impression evaluation to reveal how the glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) molded plate using black silk fabric was rated. As the results of this study, it was confirmed that L* and a* value of FRP sample was similar to the Urushi sample, FRP sample was bluer than the Urushi sample according to b* value, and C* value of FRP sample was higher than the Urushi sample. About half of the subject regarded GFRP using black silk fabric with the lightness similar to the Urushi product as Urushi product in the impression evaluation. The sample regarded as the Urushi product makes subject more feel “Beauty”, “Sense of luxury and high quality”, “Gloss” and “Depth of blackness” than the sample not regarded as the Urushi product. Evaluation point of the subject regarded the FRP sample as the Urushi product showed a strong association between “Beauty” and “Sense of luxury and high quality”, between “Beauty” and “Gloss”, between “Sense of luxury and high quality” and “Gloss”.

In this paper, three kinds of Japanese tea whisks’ influence on bubble form in “the way of tea” process were investigated. The bubble form and distribution state by each whisk after 30 %, 50 %, 80 % and 100 % of tea making finishing time were recorded and analyzed through numerical processing. In order to verify the quality of tea whisk, two tea masters were employed as expert and non-expert, and three kinds of tea whisks’ performance were evaluated and compared during the whole tea making process. The expert can controlled three tea whisks very well.

In this paper, “The way of tea” process conducted by expert, non-expert and beginner was investigated. Firstly, final tea made by expert, non-expert and beginner applying three kinds of tea whisks were taken into photos. Afterwards, random ranked tea photos were employed as visual evaluation questionnaire and subjective ranking material. In order to compare and characterize “The way of tea” process difference, 10 Japanese and 10 Chinese participates were chosen as evaluation subjects. Consequently, it can be concluded that both Japanese and Chinese are able to distinguish expert’s tea as top rank easily because of sufficient small bubble size on the tea surface

In this research, the hand lay-up method was focused as one of the decoration molding techniques for the GFRP lighting materials. The hand lay-up method can be more developed in the market of the GFRP lighting material because type of form and reinforced material are free to be selected in this method. Therefore, this research aimed to clearly the light transmission property of the GFRP inserted the Kyo Yu-zen fabric with crape. The cross section structure, light transmission property and luminance distribution of the GFRP samples were analyzed. As the results of this research, it was confirmed that the structure of the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape was different in each sample according to a laid direction of the yarn and use of the laid yarn, the GFRP inserted the silk fabric with crape had more profound effect on a dispersion of the light with the luminous intensity and the luminance than the GFRP with only glass mat, and a degree of the dispersion of the light was changed by the structure of the crape, and it was the highest in the Silk4 showed the highest Ra value.

As of September, 2015, the Japanese population over 65-years old was found to be aging at a rate of 25.0%. The results determined that the rate of aging for this sector of the Japanese population makes Japan one of the most aged societies in the world. As the aging population continues to increase in size, we anticipate that more nursing will be necessary to accommodate the future needs of seniors. Due to the complex nature and challenging field of senior care, nursing homes experience high employee turnover rates. The shortage of skillful employees is problematic, so the option of training employees without a nursing background may be an integral part of the solution. The least favorite part of nursing care among nursing-home workers is monitoring or keeping an eye on the senior residents. Caregivers are required to keep the care receivers safe, engage them in conversation, help them maintain a healthy state of mind – all while carrying out their designated routine. They have to constantly stay alert so that the elderly don’t make sudden movements that make them lose their balance and fall, choke on their meals, fight with other elderly residents, or wander out of the caregivers’ field of vision. There is no manual on how to best monitor the elderly. There are no pointers that come with photos – as in transfer techniques – when it comes to taking care of the elderly. Because one does not have access to visual or audio demonstrations during classes on nursing care, students who specialize in nursing care have to learn on the job. The comfort level of the elderly is largely determined by the quality of the caregivers’ monitoring skill, how they use their voices and how they relate to their care receivers. The difference in experience between a skilled and a unskilled caregiver can mean the difference in the number of accidents.

Japanese calligraphy and works of art, which are written and painted on paper and silk, are often lined with Japanese washi paper and strengthened from the reverse side. They are then treated with various binding methods based on the purpose of the item and how it is intended to be viewed. The hanging scroll, which is a perfect example of a binding format, is only displayed when it is meant to be viewed and is hung on an alcove or beam. When it is finished being used, it is rolled up tightly from the bottom and stored in a box. In order to repeatedly roll up and open a hanging scroll smoothly, the hanging scroll is lined with several layers of Japanese washi paper, which are pasted onto the reverse side of the scroll. A paste with a low adhesive strength which has been further diluted is used to prevent the adhesive from hardening after it has dried. The joined surfaces are then pounded with a brush to enhance the adhesion. The level of expertise of this technique is determined by the sound that is generated when pounded using the traditional method. This research measures the sound generated when the joined surfaces are pounded by an expert and a non-expert with the purpose of evaluating the specific features of both sets of sounds.

Gel Coating has been used for forming composite structures since ancient times. On the other hand, gel coating work itself relies on human skills, which means that the finish differs according to the operator carrying out the work, the quality of the product differs among parts depending on the ease of forming. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. Therefore, in this study, motion analysis experiment of gel coating experts by MAC 3D System was conducted to obtain objective data on an expert applier’s skills (the default value) with compared to the non-expert one. Furthermore, dimensional stability measurements were made, and an investigation of the correlation to an expert’s application techniques was conducted in order to pass the suitable training and communicating technical skills to advanced management engineering and inexperienced appliers.

“Yuzen” is a traditional but still popular method of dyeing fabrics in Japan. The products using the Yuzen method and manufactured in Kyoto city are called “Kyo-Yuzen.” The dyeing method of Yuzen can be dividing into 10 procedures. A specialized craftsman is in charge of each procedure. During the paste application (Nori-oki) procedure, the expert applies a starch paste or a rubber paste to a fabric in order to resist dyeing. The two resist pastes create different effect on the dyed fabric. At market, the fabric with a starch paste application is perceived to have a higher value than that with a rubber paste. In this study, the difference of the viscosity between two materials was clarified, and specimens which craftsman dyed were observed. Then how two materials put on fabrics, and the structures of them were measured. As a result of this research, it was clarified that rubber paste penetrated into fabrics rather than starch paste.

The carburizing process requires metallurgical inspection by means of polished metallurgical mounts. Metallographic preparation for a metallurgical mount is an important process for the quality assurance of the carburizing process. The purpose of this study is to clarify the expert’s characteristics of polishing process based on the eye movement analysis. Two inspectors with 20 (hereinafter referred to as “expert”) and 0.5 years (hereinafter referred to as “nonexpert”) of experience in metallographic preparation were interviewed and their eye movement analyzed. As a result, the expert made pressure adjustments and cleaning the surface and supplying alumina as needed while performing the polish.

Spray up fabrication has been used for forming composite structures since ancient times as it can be performed as long as the mold, skills, and materials are available. Hence highly specialized control technique and the tradition of skill are required to ensure the consistent stability of product quality. In this study, the authors thus conducted a motion analysis experiment using spray-up fabrication experts as subjects. The experiment, seemingly a new and only attempt in Japan, quantified techniques that are not visibly apparent and considered to be tacit knowledge. The dimension stability of samples was measured, and their relationships with the motions of experts were also evaluated. It was also suggested that highly specialized control techniques, the appropriate training of non-experts, and technical tradition are possible.

In this paper, the brain wave activity and saliva α-armylase for expert and non-expert was measured during five test of “Kana-ami” fatigue. Two experts were employed as expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of subjects’ working state and physical condition for each trial test was paid attention. It is found that expert was able to keep charging and concentrate working state even the body under the fatigue condition.

In this paper, the motion making technique of Japanese traditional handicraft was analyzed by motion analysis system. Two experts were employed as expert and non-expert for comparison. The feature of interval time for each main work process was paid attention. The subjects’ interval timing during the weaving process was clarified to investigate the proficiency of weaving technique quantitatively. It is found that expert was able to go into working state easily.

The goal of this research is development of learning system for automobile repair. In this study, the purpose is characteristics of spray gun handling of automobile repair painting expert. Spray gun movements of 55 craftsmen’s were measured by using motion capture system. The spray gun movements of expert were longer length, longer time, higher speed, and narrower swing range, compared to that of non-expert. As a result, spray gun handling of expert is longer running length, longer time, higher speed, narrower spray gun swing range compare with non-expert