日高 なぎさ

BACKGROUND: A limited number of studies have evaluated the masticatory indices of individuals with obesity who only chew their food a few times and for shorter duration or who were provided with an instructional intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 6-month instructional mastication intervention on the body composition and biochemical indices in female patients with obesity. METHODS: Female patients with obesity were randomly classified into a conventional treatment group (CTG; 12 individuals), which only received normal nutritional and exercise guidance, and a mastication intervention group (MIG; 16 individuals), which received an additional mastication guidance. The MIG received guidance on foods requiring increased number of chews and chewing duration, eating techniques, and the proper method of cutting foods. RESULTS: Changes in the masticatory, body composition, and biochemical indices were compared before and after the 6-month intervention. The values of body composition indices decreased significantly in both groups; however, the rate of change in body mass index significantly decreased in the MIG. In addition, the values of biochemical indices were significantly decreased in the MIG compared with that in the CTG, which is attributed to the addition of mastication instruction to female patients with obesity. CONCLUSION: Increasing the number of chews and duration of chewing times for carbohydrates, which are staple foods, possibly contributed to weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN, UMIN000025875. Registered on 27 Jan 2017.

While people with obesity have been found to chew fewer times and for shorter durations, few studies have quantitatively evaluated mastication among this group. This study examined the relationship between the mastication characteristics of people with obesity and the factors correlated with obesity. To this end, 46 people with obesity and 41 healthy participants placed an earphone-style light sensor in the aperture of their outer ear. We also examined the partial correlation between this, their body composition, and various biochemical markers by gender. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the masticatory index, gender, and the presence/absence of obesity for all three food items revealed the main effects in the gender difference and the presence/absence of obesity. Additionally, the number of times the salad was chewed showed an interaction between the gender and the presence/absence of obesity. In the BMI-corrected partial correlation analysis of the chewing index and the glucose/lipid metabolism index, the chewing time and the number of chews of all the food items negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in the female obese group. These findings might be used in weight-loss interventions for men with obesity and treatments that target the metabolic function among women with obesity.

本研究では、心臓リハビリテーション実施中の高齢者と一般の健常な高齢者を対象に適切な歩行介入を実施し、その実施前後での心理的効果を実証的に検証し、一般の健常な高齢者だけでなく心臓リハビリテーション実施中の高齢者においても歩行介入が奏効するかどうかについて検討した。歩行介入前後の短縮版POMS2の結果を検討した結果、グループ間の主効果は認められなかったが、介入前後の主効果において「怒り―敵意」「疲労―無気力」「緊張―不安」「TMD得点」において両群ともに実施後に得点が有意に低下した。 このことから、健常な高齢者だけでなく、心臓リハビリテーション実施中の高齢者においても歩行には上記のような否定的感情を低下させ、活気や活力などの肯定的感情を高める心理的効果があることが示唆された。